Moral Philosophies

Notes

Philosophy/philosopher	Main points/beliefs about morals/ethics
Utilitarianism	Views of what's best for the overall people that are affected. Doing what you think is right for yourself. making decisions best for overall p
Hedonism
Kant	Kant was more for whats a person he believed in free will. and believed in imperative that one individual action should be allowed for all people doing that same action with it being wrong or right by reasoning.
Nietzsche	For Nietzsche, the term ‘morality’ does not refer to a specific set of values that are out there to be ‘discovered’. Rather, morality has a genealogy, a history, and this differs depending upon a particular time, culture and its traditions. Nietzsche is an ‘immoralist’ in that he rejects the idea of morality as having any objective existence, whether this derives from a divine authority (Christianity, for example), or reason (Plato and Kant, for example). However, this does not mean that we can therefore do whatever we please. We still have a moral responsibility, and Nietzsche’s ultimate aim is to achieve a revaluation of values, not to get rid of values altogether. What kind of virtues Nietzsche’s new philosophers would possess is more difficult to determine, as there can be no table of values they would subscribe to. Perhaps, to at least some extent like Aristotle’s ethics, what is more important is the development of a virtuous character, rather than adhering to a set of values or obligations. Ultimately, Nietzsche’s concern is not whether moral values are ‘true’ or not, but whether a morality has value in terms of the striving for the Superman. Does it help or hinder? Nietzsche on Master and Slave Morality...http://py111.wordpress.com/2008/02/14/nietzsche-on-master-and-slave-morality/
Hobbes	Belief in political philosophy & that people have the right to do something that the law does not forbid you from doing.
Consequentialism	This array of alternatives raises the you suck chris.question of which moral theories count as consequentialist (as opposed to deontological), and why. In actual usage, the term ’consequentialism‘ seems to be used as a family resemblance term to refer to any descendant of classic utilitarianism that remains close enough to its ancestor in the important respects. Of course, different philosophers see different respects as the important ones. Hence, there is no agreement on which theories count as consequentialist under this definition.